Erect legumes like these can still cover the ground well, provided they are not spaced too far apart. Alectra vogelii is an annual parasitic herb with a wide host range, and it attacks economically important leguminous crops such as glycine max soybean, vigna unguiculata. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design rcbd with three replicates. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted at the university of zimbabwe to screen six cowpea varieties for resistance to alectra vogelii infection. Conventional wisdom with regard to germination of striga and alectra is that seeds require. Global invasive potential of 10 parasitic witchweeds and related.
Alectra vogelii infection significantly reduced dry matter accumulation in cowpea pods. Several sources of resistance have been identified, including b 301, a landrace from botswana that has shown complete resistance to both striga and alectra. In botswana, grain or fodder cultivars of pearl millet and bambara, which is not attacked by the local biotype of the parasite, are potent stimulators of a. Unlimited viewing of the articlechapter pdf and any associated supplements and figures. In the first experiment, mkanakaufiti, it99k72122xit82e16, sudan 1 and it82e16 were grown in. Cowpea is a major food legume in subsaharan africa but its average yield is very low. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of root exudates from cowpea, groundnut, maize, sorghum and pearl millet genotypes on the germination and attachment of alectra vogelii. Alectra vogelii benth is a parasitic weed which causes significant yield reductions in cowpeas vignaunguiculatawalp in most of the subsaharan african countries. The objective of this study was to establish the effect of alectra vogelii infestation on. Indirect selection for resistance to alectra vogelii benth infestation in cowpea vignaunguiculata l walp, international journal of environment agriculture and biotechnology,vol. This work and the related pdf file are licensed under a creative commons.
However, resistance against most parasitic weeds is difficult to access, scarce, of complex nature and of low heritability, making breeding for resistance a difficult task. Although presently, alectra infestation is considered less dramatic than that of striga, total yield loss is not uncommon in fields heavily infested by these parasites when susceptible varieties of cowpea are planted. Alectra vogelii parasitises soybean, groundnut, bean, bambara nut and cowpea. Upon germination, the growth of cuscuta seedlings is directed toward volatile compounds released from nearby tomato plants aboveground at left. Pdf alectra vogelii benth is parasitic weed which causes significant yield reductions in cowpea vigna. American journal of botany botanical society of america. Release of cowpea line it99k4946 for yield and resistance to the parasitic weed, alectra vogelii benth, in malawi. The effects of solutions of sodium hypochlorite and calcium hypochlorite bleach on dormancy and germination of alectra vogelii seeds were investigated. There is therefore an urgent need to identify alectraresistant genotypes, possessing farmers desired traits, in cowpea. Breeding for resistance to striga and alectra in cowpea. The cultivation of these parasites on chemically defined synthetic media showed that organic nitrogen in the form of specific amino acids glutamic acid and aspartic acid and their corresponding amides glutamine and asparagine greatly enhanced the parasites. Material science and metallurgy by kodgire pdf lahixje.
Pdf indirect selection for resistance to alectra vogelii. Department of chemistry, the technical university of denmark, lyngby, denmark. The development of the primary haustorium of the hemiparasite, alectra vogelii, on the roots of one of its hosts, voandzeia subterranea fabaceae, has been studied morphologically and anatomically. Farm yard manure reduces the virulence of alectra vogelii.
Among several yield reducing factors, the two parasitic weeds, striga gesnerioides willd. Alectra vogelii is a root parasitic weed mainly on economically important leguminous crops in a large part of the african continent. Read agronomic performance of improved cowpea varieties under natural infestation with alectra vogelii benth. It also aimed to identify functional groups in the powdered. A germination stimulant, alectrol, for the seeds of the angiospermous root parasites alectra vogelii benth. Screening for resistance mechanisms in cowpea genotypes on. New hosts of the parasitic flowering plant, alectra vogelii.
New hosts of the parasitic flowering plant, alectra vogelii, in malawi subrahmanyam, p 2001 new hosts of the parasitic flowering plant, alectra vogelii, in malawi. Sep 07, 2014 this page was last edited on 17 december 2019, at 20. Following the formation of the young secondary haustorium, both the cambium and pericycle of the host root directly opposite the young secondary haustorium are. Pdf diallel analysis of cowpea vigna unguiculata l. Screening techniques and sources of resistance against. Twelve days after infection, by transferring a germinating seed of the parasite. Alectra vogelii and striga gesnerioides were studied. Structure and development of the mature secondary haustorium. Identification of sources of resistance to alectra vogelii in. However, in his taxonomic revision of the genus, melchior 1941 considered these all to be characteristic of a. Crop science abstract inheritance of alectra resistance.
Cytotoxic constituents of alectra and striga species rank. Pdf nature of resistance of cowpea alectra vogelii. Therefore, a screenhouse study was conducted to determine the virulence of different ecotypes of a. However, its production is hampered by several constraints, among which parasitic weeds are some of the most devastating. Nature of resistance of cowpea alectra vogelii infestation. The average productivity of cowpea in arid and semiarid regions of kenya is low due to a complex of biotic and abiotic stresses. Generally, parasitic weeds derive their water, nutrients and photosynthates. Anatomical investigations were carried out on the structure and development of the mature secondary haustorium in alectra vogelii growing on arachis hypogaea or vigna unguiculata. This page was last edited on 11 december 2019, at 05.
Nov 23, 2018 in burkina faso, cowpea serves as both a food and cash crop generating significant income for stakeholders. A simple method for cultivation was used in order to observe the different stages of parasite development. The objective of this study was to establish the effect of alectra vogelii. Accordingly, the dry matter production and partitioning in a cowpea.
A field trial was conducted in 2014 rainy season at bayero university, kano teaching and research farm to evaluate the response of local and improved 11 groundnut arachis hypogaea l. Walp varieties to alectra vogelii benth as influenced by botanicals plant materials in the northern guinea savanna of nigeria ijaar. Summary although the angiospermous parasitic weed alectra vogelii is a major biotic constraint to cowpea production in africa, there is little information on the host. However, resistance against most parasitic weeds is difficult to access, scarce, of complex nature and of low heritability, making breeding for.
The entire blend of tomato volatiles at least seven compounds is most attractive, but three compounds from this. Farmers perception of the parasitic weed alectra vogelii. The predominant species for cereals is striga asiatica, while for legumes it is alectra vogelii, which causes damage in groundnuts arachis hypogea l. Text is available under the creative commons attributionsharealike license. An investigation of three species of the economically important striga and the related alectra vogelii has now resulted in the isolation of eight iridoid glucosides mussaenosidic acid, mussaenoside, gardoside methyl ester, bartsioside, isoaucubin, melittoside, aucubin and eurostoside, two caffeoyl phenylethyl glycosides calceolarioside a and. Pigeon pea cajanus cajan, sunn hemp, and tephrosia tephrosia vogelii and t. Indirect selection for resistance to alectra vogelii. In rare instances, a publisher has elected to have a zero moving wall, so.
Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Parasitic angiosperm alectra vogelii benth is a growing problem in malawi, particularly with. Identification of sources of resistance to alectra vogelii. An investigation of three species of the economically important striga and the related alectra vogelii has now resulted in the. Alectra vogelii and striga asiatica in malawi semantic scholar. A number of parasitic plants have become weeds, posing severe constraints to major crops including grain legumes. Vatke has been isolated from root exudates of its genuine host plant vigna unguiculata walp cv saunders upright. This study was implemented to determine gene actions involved in cowpea seed size and its resistance to alectra in order to determine the appropriate breeding approach to develop resistant cowpea varieties to alectra vogelii. Cowpea reactions to alectra vogelii i effect on growth. This study aimed at determining farmers awareness about alectra vogelii and their cowpea varietal preferences. Parasitic angiosperm alectra vogelii benth is a growing problem in malawi, particularly with current emphasis on legumes. Anatomical observations were made on the structure and development of the primary haustorium of alectra vogelii.
While in the second experiment, number of germinated alectra seeds per petri. Scrophulariaceae is a serious root hemiparasite of cowpea, groundnut, bambaranut and soybean. However, cowpea production is seriously hampered by several constraints among which is the parasitic weed alectra vogelii. Response of alectra vogelii benth to different crop root.
Pdf alectra vogelii, a threat to bambara groundnut. This page was last edited on 17 december 2019, at 20. Pdf alectra vogelii benth is parasitic weed which causes significant yield reductions in cowpea vigna unguiculatawalp in africa. Jul 03, 2018 dec 12, 2017 cuerpo saludable libro pdf download. Cytotoxic constituents of alectra and striga species. Pdf on jan 10, 2016, ernest mbega and others published alectra vogelii, a threat to bambara groundnut production in singida and dodoma regions, tanzania find. Among the major biotic factors is the parasitic weed alectra vogelii. The moving wall represents the time period between the last issue available in jstor and the most recently published issue of a journal.
Pdf on jan 10, 2016, ernest mbega and others published alectra vogelii, a threat to bambara groundnut production in singida and dodoma regions, tanzania find, read and cite all the research. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Agronomic performance of improved cowpea varieties under. The nitrogen requirements of the root parasites alectra orobanchoides and alectra vogelii were investigated using in vitro techniques. Screening of alectra vogelii ecotypes on legume and nonlegume. Alectra vogelii, correlation coefficient, resistance, selection, vignaunguiculata. Cowpea was grown in pots containing 50, 2700 or 4000.
Oct 01, 2012 read agronomic performance of improved cowpea varieties under natural infestation with alectra vogelii benth. Various levels of resistance to cyst nematodes have. In vitro seedling growth of the root parasites alectra. Pdf nature of resistance of cowpea alectra vogelii infestation. Alectra vogelii benth is parasitic weed which causes significant yield reductions in cowpea vigna. Crop science abstract inheritance of alectra resistance in. Department of crop production and protection, federal university wukari, nigeria. Weed risk assessment for alectra vogelii yellow witchweed ver. In burkina faso, cowpea serves as both a food and cash crop generating significant income for stakeholders. Therefore, two studies were set in order to understand the possible mechanisms of resistance in cowpea genotypes on their reaction to the parasitic weed. Cowpea is the fourth leading staple grain legume crop produced in the country. Hostparasite relations between cowpea and alectra vogelii.
The loss of dry matter in cowpea pods was largely accounted for by dry matter gain in a. Screening of alectra vogelii ecotypes on legume and non. Compatibility of alectra vogelii with different leguminous. Burkina faso was the third largest cowpea vigna unguiculata l. There is therefore an urgent need to identify alectraresistant genotypes, possessing farmers desired traits, in cowpea germplasm in burkina faso. The cultivation of these parasites on chemically defined synthetic media showed that organic nitrogen in the form of specific amino acids glutamic acid and aspartic acid and their corresponding amides glutamine and asparagine greatly. Pdf current approaches to alectra vogelii control in cowpea. Its development involves a mutual aggressive growth of both the host and parasite tissues resulting in the formation of a very large and complex tuberous organ. Response of alectra vogelii benth to different crop root exudates. To achieve this goal, information was obtained via a semistructured questionnaire and focus group discussions in three districts koupela, tenkodogo and toussiana of burkina faso, where alectra vogelii occurs.
Breeding for resistance is acknowledged as the major component of an integrated control strategy. Seed germination requirements of alectra sessiliflora cyberleninka. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of root exudates from cowpea, groundnut, maize, sorghum and pearl millet genotypes. Awareness of the parasitic weed alectra vogelii benth. Field trials were conducted over three years at samaru in the northern guinea savannah ecological zone of nigeria to evaluate the performance of 20 improved cowpea varieties under conditions of natural infestation by a parasitic weed, alectra vogelii benth. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing. The pdf file you selected should load here if your web browser has a pdf reader plugin installed for example, a recent version of adobe acrobat reader if you would like more information about how to print, save, and work with pdfs, highwire press provides a helpful frequently asked questions about pdfs alternatively, you can download the pdf file directly to your computer. Identification of sources of resistance in cool season legumes to cyst heterodera spp.
Photographs of longitudinal thin sections of imbibed seeds of alectra vogelii nwoke and. Pdf response of alectra vogelii benth to different crop. Jun 06, 2017 reaction of cowpea vigna unguiculata l. Structure and development of the primary haustorium in. It is closely associated with cultivation, is occasionally found associated with weeds of fallows but rarely in natural vegetation. Indirect selection for resistance to alectra vogelii benth. Scrophulariaceae is a vascular hemiparasite of various leguminous crops in africa, including peanut arachis hypogaea, bambara groundnut vigna subterranea, cowpea vigna unguiculata, common bean phaseolus vulgaris, soybean glycine max, and mung bean vigna radiata 1. Germination stimulants produced by vigna unguiculata walp. The ability of the root parasite alectra vogelii benth. Cytotoxic constituents of alectra and striga species c rank. View the article pdf and any associated supplements and figures for a period of 48 hours. Trapcrops produce the alectra germination stimulant in their root exudates but are not susceptible to attack by the parasite seedlings. New hosts of the parasitic flowering plant, alectra.
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